olives101OLIVE NEWS & INFORMATION 🇺🇸 🇫🇷
olives101 Thursday 29 October 2026
Home › Types of Olives: 88 Olive Varieties, A to Z › Mission Olives: California’s Historic Olive
Mission olives, whole fruit on the germplasm reference grid
Photo: USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, California, Public domain, work of the U.S. Government (USDA Agricultural Research Service). USDA policy: https://www.usda.gov/policies-and-links ; ARS image policy: https://www.ars.usda.gov/oc/images/copyright/ (“Photos in our Image Gallery are available free of charge and are copyright-free, public domain, images unless otherwise indicated.”), source.

Mission olives

California’s historic olive — brought by Spanish missionaries, still grown across the American West.

The Mission is the olive of California history. It descends from trees the Spanish Franciscan missionaries planted along the California missions from the eighteenth century, and it became the foundation of the American olive industry. Dual-purpose, it is best known as a black-ripe table olive but also presses into a fruity, mild oil. Hardy and cold-tolerant, it is grown across California and into the wider American West.

Origin
California · USA (via Spain)
Type
Table & oil
Colour
Green to black
Flavour
Mild, fruity
History
Spanish mission trees, 1700s
Best for
Black table olives, oil

An American classic

For a long time, “American olive” effectively meant Mission. The trees are vigorous, cold-hardy and adaptable, which let the industry spread through California’s Central Valley. As a table olive the Mission is most often cured black and mild; as an oil it is soft and fruity, a gentle introduction rather than a fierce statement.

⚠ The California connection

It is a useful reminder that olives are not only a Mediterranean crop: they have grown in California for centuries, and today the American West — California especially, plus Texas, Arizona and Georgia — presses real, and sometimes excellent, extra virgin oil. The Mission is where that story began.

Substitutes

ManzanillaIts Spanish ancestor in spirit — mild table olive.
ArbequinaNow widely grown in California too, for oil.
KalamataFor a bolder black table olive.
In the kitchen: the familiar mild black olive of an American pizza or salad — gentle, friendly, unintimidating.